The Weekly Show 5/23/25

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hi, and welcome to the weekly show here on iHeartRadio
and ninety three nine LIGHTFM, one of three five Kids
That FM and Rock ninety five to five. I'm Paulina,
and every week we're here to discuss a variety of
topics that matter to Chicagoland health, education, finances, and so
much more. Today on the show, we are joined by
doctor Clyde Yancey, chief of Cardiology in the Department of
Medicine and Northwestern University, and we are talking about hyper tension,

(00:23):
high blood pressure and do you know what causes it. Also,
we're chatting with our friends at United Way and Alice.
We're talking to doctor Sephanie Hoops and others as well,
and we will be chatting all about the poverty income
levels here in our city and of course nationwide as well,
and what conversations are being had amongst that as well.

(00:44):
So let's kick off the show. Hi, It's Paulina here
with iHeartRadio Chicago, and today I have two guests joining
me on the show, doctor Sephanie Hoops and Ethne McManamon.
How are you today, Good dank, Thanks for having us, Paulina, Yes,
thank you well for being here. I appreciate it so much.
I would love for you both to sort of introduce

(01:04):
yourselves to the audience, to our listeners today, doctor Stephanie Hoops,
if you don't mind going first for us.

Speaker 2 (01:10):
Sure, Stephanie Hoops. I'm the national director of United for Alice,
which is a national research organization that tracks the cost
of living, wages, and financial hardship.

Speaker 1 (01:23):
Awesome, Thank you so much for being here at ethne Yes.

Speaker 3 (01:26):
I am Ethna mcminnimon, and I am the director of
Public Policy and Advocacy at the United Way of Illinois
and I direct our policy advocacy work primarily in the
state capitol and the metro region of Chicago, and we
also work with our larger United Way worldwide on their
federal policy initiatives.

Speaker 1 (01:47):
Amazing, Well, thank you both for being here. I appreciate
it so much. So first things first that I would
love to discuss is for either you know to answer
either of you to answer this for us, But who
is ALICE and how many households fall in this category?

Speaker 2 (02:01):
I'll start, and then ethnic could layer in.

Speaker 4 (02:05):
So.

Speaker 2 (02:05):
ALICE is an acronym stands for asset limited, income constrained employed,
and we develop these measures because the federal poverty level
doesn't really tell us how many folks are struggling. And
so I like to think of a people that we know,
workers that we rely on, childcare, home health aids, delivery workers,
bank tellers, our coffee barista, all those folks. But it's

(02:29):
also our friends and family. I've got two kids who
are struggling to pay the rent where their jobs are,
and many of us have parents who are trying to
retire but don't have enough in savings just to cover
their basic costs. So we all know Alice, and until
now Alice really hasn't had a name. So technically it

(02:50):
stands for households who have income above the federal poverty level,
but below the cost of basic necessities things like rent, childcare, transportation, healthcare,
a phone, and taxes. So in Cook County that's that
adds up to over eighty six thousand dollars for a
family of four. It's expensive in that part of Illinois.

Speaker 1 (03:17):
Yes, absolutely, And ethnyou do you mind jumping in as well?

Speaker 3 (03:22):
Sure, so, as Stephanie said, they you know there are
are neighbors and our friends and folks who you know,
in a lot of cases might just be starting out
in their careers. But in a lot of cases, you know,
are uh, you know, folks have been working their whole lives,
but still aren't you know, able to you know, maybe
their jobs don't provide health insurance, or they have small

(03:44):
children that they need to you know, afford childcare for.
And if you, as Stephanie said, if you make over
you know, poverty level wages, you don't qualify for much
in terms of assistance. And you know, I recently had
a small child who needed daycare and it was more
than the cost of college. And so you know that

(04:05):
it's really it's it's everyone around us. It's not just
you know, it's it's not other people, it's it's people
who you know, who live and work with us every day.

Speaker 1 (04:17):
Yeah. I mean, I don't want to get to technical,
but to me, it sounds like you're just describing like
my everyday life of everybody around me, to be completely transparent,
like I think of anything. You know, But I've always said,
like when I went to college, I was giving a
broad example, but when I went to college, there was
always an American dream of some sort of you know,
my parents immigrated here, I'm going to go to college

(04:37):
I'm gonna get this job, and I'm gonna, you know,
buy a beautiful home and all these things. And I
just feel like, in twenty twenty five, that is just
not the reality for a lot of people. And I'm
a millennium thirty three years old, and I'm still seeing
this from like, you know, people younger than me, recent grads, right,
twenty two, twenty three year old. I think it's getting
really difficult to keep up with the cost of living,
you know, especially in Chicago in Illinois. Some that I'm

(05:00):
very passionate about because I was quite frankly, I'm not
the biggest math girl, but the math is not math
and is what I say to be completely transparent with everybody. No,
this is a very born conversation I have. So, what
since the pandemic right specifically, has Alice bounced back, has
gotten worse? What's going on?

Speaker 2 (05:18):
So currently in Chicago in Cook County, the federal poverty
teal level tells us fourteen percent of households are struggling,
but another twenty three percent are alice. So in total,
that's forty percent of households are struggling paycheck to paycheck,
working in jobs that we need and yet not able

(05:40):
to support their families. So the pandemic was really hard.
But Alice kind of weathered the pandemic like didn't it.
Things got a lot harder for some families, some of
the government assistants helped, and then things have evolved since then,
and we saw some increase in wages. It's kind of exciting,

(06:02):
especially low wage jobs that hasn't happened in over a decade.
But at the same time, the cost of living started
increasing even more so the cost of groceries and gas
and all those day to day things that go out
of your pocket. So it made it even harder for Alice,
and we're just seeing that struggle continue. Alice is working hard,

(06:24):
sometimes two jobs, sometimes in side hustle, thinking that they're
getting ahead, and yet costs are increasing and they're one
emergency away from even something worse with little or no savings.
It's really tough.

Speaker 1 (06:41):
Absolutely, Ethnam starting, did you want to jump in?

Speaker 3 (06:44):
Oh? Yeah, I think I was just going to reflect
what Stephanie said, And you know, I think a lot
of us have tried to put the pandemic behind us,
but Alice is struggling even more since since the pandemic ended. Because,
as Stephanie said, a lot of those supports have gone away.
You know that we're stood up during the pandemic, and
you know, it's the issues sort of faded into the background,

(07:07):
I think. And but when one in three of our
neighbors are struggling to make ends meet, it is a
very real, you know, issue day to day for you know,
for folks both in in Cook County, in Chicago, and
in the state as a whole. You know, Chicago's pretty
relatively reflective of the entire state, and the state is

(07:27):
pretty reflective of the nation as a whole.

Speaker 1 (07:30):
Yeah. Absolutely. And it's interesting because like doctor Sephanie, when
you mentioned doctor Sephanie Hoops, you mentioned the numbers that
you just gave us, I thought it was a lot more.
And I mean, I'm in the community. I live in
the community. Like this is something that is like I said,
near and dear to my heart. I thought you were
going to give me a bigger number. And maybe there's
people living in silence that we just don't know, which
I know there are that we were not really aware of.

(07:51):
I think that's such a like something that I think
a lot of us need to understand as well. So
I'm glad that you pointed all that out. And my
next question for you is are certain demographics more effective
than others?

Speaker 2 (08:04):
So by the numbers, we know that the largest groups
are our older households headed by someone sixty five years
and older white household urban household. And then you know,
often folks think about families with children or seniors, but
actually the most common household composition are all those other

(08:26):
households we have in our modern society. So single households,
households with older children moving back in roommates, they are
actually one of the largest groups as well. But we
also know that some groups are disproportionately alice due to
limits and opportunities. Our youngest household black and Hispanic households,

(08:50):
and then families with one adult. Those single parent households
also have some of the highest rates below the alice threshold.

Speaker 1 (08:58):
Okay, yeah, see, I think that is such interesting information.
And then what about you know, occupations, and when we're
talking about the demographic, what occupations have the most people
in this category?

Speaker 2 (09:12):
So if we look at just like the twenty most
common occupations in Illinois, ten paid less than twenty dollars
an hour, and the ones that are have the highest
rates below the Alice threshold are personal carriids, cashiers, cooks,
waiters and waitresses, fast food workers, and then the large

(09:32):
the number one occupation are laborers and movers and thirty
three percent are below the alice threshold.

Speaker 1 (09:41):
Oh wow, and then ethne I do sorry about that, ethne,
I do have a question for you as well in
regards to the number right of alice households in your area.
Has have they improved or gotten worse over time? I
know we kind of discussed the pandemic's influence, right, what
about currently?

Speaker 3 (10:02):
So there has been a slight increase from last year,
and we do know that. So we went up up
to thirty six percent of households in Cook County, which
is a is a one percent increase from last year.
But an increase is still an increase in our neighbors,
you know, again, continue to struggle. We do know that
in the from twenty nineteen to twenty twenty three that

(10:23):
there was an increase in Cook County more than eighty
five thousand household increase in folks who live who are
living below the Alice threshold. So, and that's that's folks
in poverty and also, you know, folks who make above
poverty book but too low to you know, for the basics.

(10:46):
So yes, they're you know, and again folks are still
struggling coming out of the pandemic. And so in those number,
those numbers are ticking up due to you know, inflation.
You know, we hear about inflation all the time, and
of course inflation hits hits lowest income folks the hardest
because it really is those day to day you know
items that that Stephanie mentioned and gas and food and

(11:08):
you know, things that you can't go without absolutely.

Speaker 1 (11:12):
And then also for you are there any local resources
for our listeners to tap into regarding this.

Speaker 3 (11:18):
Yeah, So the United Way of Metro Chicago runs a
two to one one Metro Chicago, which is a twenty
four seven free health and social services helpline and Cook
County residents can call or text or webchat with a
live resource navigator who will search our database for thousands

(11:40):
of local resources and services. And it's a it's a
partnership that we run with the City of Chicago and
Cook County, and we do find that two on one
services serve as a direct line for alice families who
are facing economic hardship to get connected to you know,
really to go resources that are near them, that's really

(12:02):
the key, such as food and housing and healthcare and
folks can you know they can call two one one,
Just dial to one one and it will take you there,
or you can visit our website at two one one
Metro Chicago to do self search or for more information.

Speaker 1 (12:19):
Absolutely, thank you so much. And then my last question
for both of my guests today is what is being
done to help Alice, So both on a nationwide and
in our area as well.

Speaker 2 (12:31):
Maybe I'll start with a few things across the country
and then ethnic can dig in a little bit more
to Chicago, because I really like to point out to
your listeners that there is a role for everybody to
do something to help Alice. As Ethne mentioned with two
one one, there's a lot of nonprofits who are stepping

(12:52):
up and providing services for Alice families who often don't
qualify for public assistance, helping them with food and security,
mental health services, all kinds of things that are diverting
a crisis. But there needs to be more than that
as well. We need to see some structural change so
that jobs can afford those household basics, So that includes

(13:15):
bringing the cost of those basics down, more affordable housing,
better access to childcare, healthcare, that kind of thing. And
so there's a role for state and local government. There's
a role for schools and community colleges to help with
training and skills so Alice can get a better job.
But we do know we need many of those jobs

(13:37):
just to keep our economy running, so cost need to
come down. And then companies can play a role, and
obviously wages and benefits can make a big difference, but
they can also help through things like scheduling so that
Alice can get to work via public transportation and not
be late or coinciding with the childcare hours so that

(13:58):
they're not paying extra for childcare. So things that can
make a difference in Alice's budget that aren't that hard
for a company. So like to point those out. And
then I also hope folks will go onto our website
Wwwunited for Alice dot org and learn more themselves, learn
about Alice in your community, your zip code, your legislative district,

(14:23):
and share out the information. And one of the things
that I think might be helpful and inspiring is we
have you can build an action planner, and we've got
a lot of promising practices from United Ways and partners
across the country, so things that might work in your community,
and so we encourage you to explore. And also, if

(14:45):
you're Alice and you have a good story, we would
love to hear from you. On our website Alice Voices
dot org, you can record a brief story and that
helps get the word out as well. Ethne, I want
to add some things that are happening in Chicago.

Speaker 3 (15:05):
So the United Way works to support Alice families and
we work to build a stronger Chicago region in a
couple of ways. We invest in local community partners on
the ground working to meet individuals immediate basic needs. As
we mentioned food, housing, healthcare, childcare, and as we previously

(15:25):
mentioned there is United Way does operate two on one
metro Chicago to help residents support and access their basic needs.
We also have a place based, resident led approach to
transforming communities. It's called our Neighborhood Network Initiative, and we're
in seventeen neighborhoods around the Chicago region and just in

(15:49):
the last few years, we've seen the impact of these
investments and partnerships through some groundbreaking groundbreakings and openings of
community hubs across the region. In particular in Auburn Gresham
we opened the Healthy Lifestyle Hub, and we helped to
work with folks in Austin to open the Build Youth Center.

(16:11):
And then next month we'll be celebrating the opening of
the Aspire Center for Workforce Innovation in Austin, and that
is a corporate city and United Way led and community
led initiative in Austin in the Austin neighborhood on the
West side of Chicago. So those are just a few
of the things that we're doing, and our ultimate goal

(16:32):
is to reduce the number of house families and help
more people and entire neighborhoods thrive.

Speaker 5 (16:39):
One in three adults in the United States has high
pertension high blood pressure. Do you know what causes it,
how to treat it, more importantly, how to prevent it? Well,
May happens to be National High Blood Pressure Education Month,
So let's discuss all of those things as we bring
in doctor Clyde Yancey. He's chief of Cardiology in the
Department of Medicine and Northwestern University. Doctor Yancey, thanks so

(17:02):
much for the time.

Speaker 4 (17:04):
I am delighted to be here. This is such an
important conversation and I think we should expand all of
the questions you just presented.

Speaker 5 (17:12):
Yeah, well, I look forward to speaking to you about them.
What does it mean to have high blood pressure? How
about we begin there?

Speaker 4 (17:18):
So let's start at the very beginning. Part of what
the heart does so beautifully for us is to distribute
blood throughout the body. The heart is an organ, it's
actually a muscle. In addition to its other functions. That
muscle pumps blood through the body. So our lay assessment

(17:39):
of what the heart does is exactly correct. Correct. That
blood that is pumped through the body comes out with force,
So that force is something that is measurable, and we
measure it as pressure. There is a normal amount of force,
but there's also an elevated amount of force, and when
that force is elevated, it has consequences. Imagine the flow

(18:03):
of water through a garden hose. If there are those
who still do those count things right, If the flow
is ginger and gentle, it just waters along without any problem.
But if it's forceful, the water is flowing, yes, but
that forceful flow of water just like a fire hydrant,
it has consequences, can actually cause harm. Same thing in

(18:23):
our vascular system.

Speaker 5 (18:26):
How is a high blood pressure what we're talking about
hypertension different than for example, me, a middle aged guy
sprinting forty yards, and how my blood pressure will rise
in that context.

Speaker 4 (18:41):
So that's a brilliant question because it's the heart's ability
to adapt to all the different things we do in life.
Whether we're resting and lying still, whether we're digesting a meal,
or whether we're exercising, It is appropriate for your heart
function to increase. So that force that we talked about
will increase, the blood pressure will increase, but we call

(19:03):
that very carefully. We call that a physiologic meaning that's
a normal increase. But imagine what happens if your pressure,
your force increases because you're exercising, but you're not exercising,
you're just living with that increased force. That's high blood pressure.

Speaker 5 (19:20):
What contributes to high blood pressure, to hyghpertension.

Speaker 4 (19:24):
We understand that what contributes to it, and that is
the right word because we're still trying to understand what
causes high blood pressure, but we know that what contributes
to it is one part your family, one part, perhaps
your ancestry, a big part your living circumstances, your life
and living conditions, a big part your diet. So those

(19:46):
persons that take in salt and are sensitive to salt
may have a higher blood pressure. Those people that end
up being heavier will almost surely have high blood pressure.
Those persons who live in certain neighborho hoods because of
their choices their lifestyle, may also have high blood pressure.
And guess what if you know that your parents and

(20:08):
your grandparents at high blood pressure, you should be especially
attuned to the likelihood that you'll develop high blood pressure.
But let me just tell you one other thing that's
incredibly important. There are three inevitabilities in life, death, taxes,
and high blood pressure. What I mean by that ninety
percent of all of us are alive right now, ninety

(20:29):
percent will eventually develop high blood pressure. So we can
basically check the default button and say we all need
to be aware.

Speaker 5 (20:37):
Am I doctor? My primary care physician has spoken to
me about that repeatedly, says, the older we get, just naturally,
our pressure will increase. Is that right?

Speaker 4 (20:46):
And the natural part of this is that the older
we get what's not natural. But what happens almost without fail,
is that our blood blood vessels get more stiff, and
that stiffening of our blood thuscles again comes from all
the things which we're exposed, does come from aging, does
come from being heavier. It's so important to recognize this

(21:08):
interrelatedness of being heavier, of becoming older, of maybe having
a tendency towards diabetes, these sorts of things all come together.
So it is inevitable. Your doctor is exactly right. But
what's naturalist not for your blood vessels to get more stiff.
It's how we live that makes how blood vessels get
more stiff, and thus nine out of ten of us

(21:30):
will end up having high blood pressure.

Speaker 5 (21:32):
That number that I started off with one in three
adults in the United States has high pertension high blood pressure.
It feels like I've been hearing those numbers for decades.
Have they remained consistent? Have we made any improvement on
the number of Americans who have blood pressure?

Speaker 4 (21:51):
So where improvement has come is in the number of
Americans who know they have high blood pressure. For quite
some time, we've always known that about one third of
the population in our country at any one moment has
high blood pressure. But now a greater percentage of them
actually know that they have it. And I'll tell you

(22:12):
why that's so important. You don't need to immediately go
to drug therapy because you have high blood pressure. There
are many lifestyle changes that can actually help normalize the
blood pressure, but you don't know to make those changes
unless you are aware that your blood pressure is elevated.
So the awareness and detection programs that so many organizations

(22:33):
have promulgated are working, and people know that their blood
pressure is elevated. Now, one other number. You talked about
the importance of this number. We can't overlook that one
in three number is across the board. That's correct. But
here is some more compelling number. One in four young
adults under the age of forty has high blood pressure.

(22:54):
One in four young adults. So that tells you that,
beginning at age twenty five or even younger in some groups,
we need to be very conscious of our blood pressure.
Just like we know our cell phone numbers, we need
to know our blood pressure.

Speaker 5 (23:08):
A few more minutes here with doctor Clyde Yancey's chief
of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine at Northwestern University,
want to unpack a little bit of that very easy
to treat these days with medication, very inexpensive medication quite often,
but I wonder if people try to if people turn

(23:28):
to that first as opposed to making changes in their
lifestyle that might be able to control their blood pressure.

Speaker 4 (23:34):
I can absolutely promise you that if someone is seen
in my office, the conversation goes like this, we've identified
that you have blood pressure almost invariably is based on
home blood pressures and not the blood pressure in the office,
and I will tell them the first step is not
using drugs. The first step is lifestyle. And I will
go through all of the necessary motions, and I'll tell

(23:56):
you very quickly, for every kilogram of weight loss, your
blood pressure goes down by a point. That means if
you can get to ten kilograms of weight loss about
twenty pounds a little bit more, your blood pressure will
come down substantially. Increase your physical activity, cuts your alcohol
content in half, don't smoke. Increase your consumption not only
of fruits and vegetables. You've heard that so many times,

(24:19):
but increase your consumption of potassium, and decrease your consumption
of sodium. Those are the non drug strategies that will
effectively treat your blood pressure, but particularly weight loss.

Speaker 5 (24:31):
What is it about salt that contributes to high blood pressure?
Because let's face it, a steak ain't the same without salt.

Speaker 4 (24:40):
We can talk about eating the steak at another time.

Speaker 5 (24:43):
Yeah, I imagine that contributes to it a bit as well,
but just the salt portion of it, because I remember,
you know the Dash diet, and now there's like low salt,
salt and things like that. But just not the same,
is it?

Speaker 4 (24:56):
And some people not everyone. Salt causes folluidbriotin and is
the fluid retention that expands the blood vessels and goes
back to that opening conversation and keeps that force elevated.
But what makes this fascinating is that in population health,
where we've been able to replace sodium chloride with potassium chloride,

(25:18):
that step alone without changing the palatability of food, that
is the taste of food, lowers blood pressure. And so
the idea of switching from salt as you know it
as I know it to potassium instead of sodium and
the right individual has some benefit.

Speaker 5 (25:35):
What is potassium chloride? Can I buy that at the
grocery store and put it on my steak?

Speaker 4 (25:41):
You know what, you can do one step better than that.
You can walk down the spice owl and you can
look for no salt in OH salt, look at the label,
and almost invariably that is your potassium chloride. That's it fascinating.

Speaker 5 (25:55):
We kind of referred to this a little bit earlier.
Early detection really is the key in determining all of
these things. And unless somebody is going to get regular
checkups on a yearly basis or more often than that,
chances are you're probably not going to know that you
have high blood pressure just from living your life. So
how does somebody determine they have it without going to

(26:17):
see their doctor? Or can they?

Speaker 4 (26:19):
So many young adults have had pre participatory physical examinations
for sports, whether it's club sports, high school sports, college sports.
There's your blood pressure. So many women of course, for
pregnancy must have the blood pressure determined. So there's another
way you know this, But guess what. You can walk
into virtually any commercial drug store, look alonge the perimeter

(26:41):
and you'll find a free automated blood pressure cough. Point
being that, there's no way you can avoid access to
getting in blood pressure measured, even if you duck into
a fire station. There is a way to get your
blood pressure know, but the key point is the one
you've already made. You have to be aware. So, yes,
blood pressure is ubiquitous, so many people have it, but

(27:04):
the knowledge is what we need to make ubiquitous to
know that everybody is likely to develop high blood pressure sometimes.
So one of the things we talk about all the time,
over and over and over again. Know your numbers, know
your blood pressure, know your cholesterol, know your weight. These
are the things that will help you live along in
healthy life.

Speaker 5 (27:23):
Stress, sleep, quality, mental health. All of those things, how
do they potentially influence our blood pressure.

Speaker 4 (27:31):
It's pretty clear that sleeping less than six hours a
night is definitely associated with an increase in blood pressure,
and an increase in the more difficult patterns of blood pressure.
That's another conversation. It's also fairly clear that stress in
the global context, whether it's worry that is, whether it's

(27:51):
mental stress, but also stress in life, anxiety about a job,
anxiety about an interpersonal relationship, all of that is stress
becomes manifest as something biological. We think that the biology
there is that it's inflammation. Think of getting a mosquito
bite and look at how your skin gets rid. Stress
does that for a body. It causes our body to

(28:12):
become inflamed, and that leads to high blood pressure. So
you are correct. Lack of sleep, being stress, those things
increase our blood pressure, just like alcohol does.

Speaker 5 (28:24):
How much of those numbers, and again will refer to
them one in three adults, you said, I think one
in four of adults under the age of just say
twenty five.

Speaker 4 (28:34):
Have high blood under the age of forty twenty five
one and four adults.

Speaker 5 (28:38):
One in four adults under the age of forty have it.
How much of that is associated with the culture in
our country, the diet compared to other countries.

Speaker 4 (28:50):
I want to be very clear about this. We think
most of it is in fact related to our lifestyle. Now,
lifestyle is a little different from diet. It's one part died, yes, sure.
Lifestyle of physical inactivity, a lifestyle that predisposes our young
adults towards being heavier, A lifestyle that very much gratuitously

(29:11):
enjoys alcohol, and still tobacco. When you put all of
that together, alcohol, tobacco, being heavier, having a very convenient
lifestyle meaning using fast food products, not being physically active,
all of that relates to this burden of high blood
pressure and young adults. And again, know your family history.
Take some time and say, mom, pop, what runs in

(29:33):
our family? You should be aware.

Speaker 5 (29:35):
Two final questions for you. One third, maybe we can't
control genetic if our parents, our grandparents have had two
thirds of this, we can control what does hypertension high
blood pressure potentially lead to.

Speaker 4 (29:52):
So we always think about this phenomenon of what happens
to the organs that face all of that extra force
that we talk about, the three organs we really were
about the brain. High blood pressure definitely leaves the strokes,
the heart. High blood pressure is associated with heart attacks,
associated with heart failure, and the kidneys. For certain high

(30:13):
blood pressures associated with having weaker kidneys and maybe even
kidney failure. But the most important message here is that
it's so eminently treatable. We have inexpensive drugs, lifestyle is
a benefit. And what's most exciting is that for the
first time in over a decade, we have brand new
therapies and we have procedures that can help us really

(30:35):
finesse control of blood pressure. No one needs to suffer
from high blood pressure in our future. High technology is
just that good.

Speaker 5 (30:43):
Early detection is a key and there's a reason it's
called preventive medicine exactly. Doctor Clyde Yancey, Chief of Cardiology
and the Department of Medicine at Northwestern University, truly appreciate
it for the time and the information. Thanks so much
for joining us.

Speaker 4 (30:59):
Thanks and let's not forget to know your numbers.

Speaker 1 (31:02):
Thank you for listening, and thank you for tuning in
to another episode of the Weekly Show. We placed this
episode and all our previous episodes up on our free
iHeartRadio app just by searching for the Weekly Show. Thank you,
Stay safe, Chicago. Talk to you again next weekend.