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April 6, 2025 15 mins
Original Air Date: April 6, 2025

Dr. Gregory Carnevale is the Chief Medical Office for United Health Care commercial line of insurance. Among the topics discussed: diabetes; why so many young people are getting  cancer and  why you should appeal if your insurance claim is denied.
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Episode Transcript

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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to Sunstein Sessions on iHeartRadio, Conversations about issues that matter.
Here's your host, three time Grasie Award winner, Shelley Sunstein.

Speaker 2 (00:10):
I want to introduce you to Greg CARNIVALI.

Speaker 3 (00:13):
He is the chief medical Officer of United Healthcare Commercial
Line of Business.

Speaker 2 (00:18):
Good morning, Welcome.

Speaker 4 (00:20):
Greg, Good morning, Shelley. Nice to be here.

Speaker 3 (00:24):
You know, it's an interesting phenomenon that we are discovering
that are young people.

Speaker 2 (00:30):
Rather than being a healthier generation.

Speaker 3 (00:34):
The younger people are coming down with more health issues,
diabetes happening to be one of them, but also cancer
among young people. Right now, we're going to be talking
about diabetes and why this is on the rise among
young people and what we could do about it. So
why is there an increase greg among young people? You

(00:57):
usually think of somebody being diagnosed with diabetes. We're talking
about diabetes too here later in life. That was the
case as I was growing up, But it's not the
grease now.

Speaker 2 (01:11):
What's going on?

Speaker 5 (01:13):
Yeah, So a great question, And what we're seeing across
the country and world really is changes associated to the foods.

Speaker 4 (01:23):
That we eat.

Speaker 5 (01:24):
And I think that's a big part of why we're
seeing diseases earlier than later, and I think as a
healthcare system we're able to pick these up pretty easily
and with greater awareness and with activities like we're doing today,
we hopefully can get those people into having preventive evaluations.

Speaker 3 (01:47):
As part of a routine medical exam. Would that be
tested like in routine blood work, right if somebody went
to the doctor.

Speaker 4 (01:58):
Well, yeah, there's two things we're talking about here.

Speaker 5 (02:00):
So one is the initial diagnosis of diabetes, and that's simply,
as you say, a blood test that measures sugar in
your blood, blood sugar and if higher levels than what
we typically would normally see, we have normal data points
that could lead to a diagnosis of diabetes. The second

(02:23):
aspect is if you do have diabetes, to have evaluations
of structures in your body that may be affected by
that diagnosis, and that being in your eyes. And by
going to a primary care physician, sometimes they can look
in your retina themselves and with cameras to see the

(02:43):
blood vessels in the back of your eyes, and other
times they have to refer to either an atometrist or
an ophthalmologist to have what we call a dilated retinal exam.

Speaker 3 (02:54):
So you're saying, if you are diagnosed with diabetes, it
should be followed up with this eye exam.

Speaker 4 (03:02):
Yeah.

Speaker 5 (03:02):
So the recommendations that are provided by the Academies of
Optimology are that for someone that has a diagnosis of
what we call type one diabetes to have it within
the first few years of diagnosis, and those that have
a diagnosis of type two diabetes to have it initially
for a baseline and then they're after based on the

(03:24):
findings of that exam.

Speaker 3 (03:27):
Are you finding that diabetes among young people is going
undiagnosed perhaps, Well.

Speaker 5 (03:34):
I think to that comment I made when I first started,
I think we're finding it a little bit earlier because
of the effects that we're seeing with obesity in this country.
And so when we're starting to do blood work on
and just work ups for children and adolescents with higher
weight levels, we're testing them for their blood sugars and

(03:57):
we're diagnosing them with diabetes therefore earlier. And so yes,
we're picking up the disease earlier, which is then encouraging
preventive efforts to prevent these complications.

Speaker 3 (04:11):
So, when we're talking about the increase of diabetes among
young people, are we talking where are we talking the
unusual spikes, are the unusual spikes in the very young,
in the teenage, in the young adult across the board.

Speaker 5 (04:29):
What Yeah, I would start to say that the spikes
are being seen in both children and adolescents, and then
those are the primary areas of focus with this initiative,
and it has to do with just their growth and
activity levels, their eating habit changes their independence from their parents,
going to school. It plays a role in their their

(04:51):
kind of development that we're trying to certainly intercede on
and maximize their potential.

Speaker 3 (05:00):
Speaking with Greg CARNIVALI he is the chief medical officer
of United Healthcare Commercial line of business. Right now, it
seems to me that obesity, we're getting a better handle
on obesity because of treatments like ozembic and the like.

(05:20):
Are those routinely available for children as well, or is
there a certain age where that's more likely to be
used as a treatment for obcity.

Speaker 5 (05:37):
Yeah, certainly, the indications, as you are alluding to our
expanding and now almost is at a weekly level, that
indications are new to the usage of those medications. So
you know, we have criteria in our company and others
as well for the usage of this medications, it's mostly

(05:59):
to do with BMI, so the body mass index of
above a certain weight and the adult populations. But as
these medications have more data to support usage in younger
children and expansion will also be given to those groups
as well.

Speaker 3 (06:17):
Yeah, but the data has to be there first, so
there's a bit of a lag here. Also, Greg, you
use BMI as a determining factor. There's some controversy about BMI.
There is a turn where doctors when I go to
the doctor, for example, she measures my waist.

Speaker 2 (06:38):
Now that that seems to be a bigger.

Speaker 3 (06:44):
Sense of you know, you could have you could be
diagnosed as having a high BMI when you're not fat,
correct and when you have the waste thing going it's
pretty clear if you're overweight, not right. Yeah, so I
still using b M I or does that something too

(07:05):
that has to be phased out over time?

Speaker 4 (07:08):
Yeah? I you know, I think they're all additive.

Speaker 5 (07:10):
I mean it's a great observation that you know, our
our mechanisms for finding uh, you know, one size doesn't
fit all, no pun intended, right, So you know, we
use BMI because it's easy to calculate and it's it
can be standardized. I think the initial thinking is appropriate
that it does lead to an indication that you know,

(07:32):
promotes the feeling that there's more disease prevalent in those populations,
but it's not. The only measure is different body types.
You know, you know, larger, bone sized, and you know,
to your to your answer there your comment. You know,
you could have a high BMI and be perfectly you know,
fit and normal and healthy and athletic, but it leads

(07:53):
the impression that you're obese and you know, need extra
you know, work up done.

Speaker 3 (07:59):
I mentioned earlier in our conversation that there's been this
really disturbing trend of increases in cancer and particularly colorectal
cancers among young people.

Speaker 2 (08:15):
What is going on?

Speaker 5 (08:19):
Well, again, sadly, I'd hate to, you know, keep on
using the same you know statement, But I think our
diet has changed over years and a generation or two.
And you know, you can argue it could be processed
more processed foods, additives that are in our diet that
are affecting the way you know, we consume food and

(08:41):
how we are therefore process to food. But I think
that that intake is what's driving that potential changes to
the numbers of cancers that we're finding. I think also
as well, to the point of testing earlier, were because
we're testing earlier, because it's pretty easy to test with

(09:02):
either you know, a stool sample or a colonoscopy where
a camera is inserted into the colon, we're able to
pick up these cancers earlier as well.

Speaker 2 (09:13):
Wait a minute, but.

Speaker 3 (09:16):
Someone that young necessarily is not going to get a colonoscopy.
We're talking about cancers that are detective in you know,
someone my age, Yeah, I get a colonoscopy every five years.

Speaker 2 (09:27):
Someone who's my son's age. No, he's not even at
that age yet.

Speaker 3 (09:34):
I had a thought, and I know that that others
in the scientific community have plastics as a possible reason.
I mean, remember again talking about the way I grew
up and the way my kids grew up.

Speaker 2 (09:52):
They grew up on plastics.

Speaker 3 (09:53):
They grew up drinking water out of plastic water bottles.

Speaker 2 (09:58):
I didn't is that a possible factor?

Speaker 3 (10:02):
And how can we really get to the bottom of it, because,
I mean, it really is a disturbing trend when you
hear that.

Speaker 4 (10:09):
Now, I agree.

Speaker 5 (10:10):
I think that's a great call out of microplastics. As
we're hearing more in the literature and the medical press
or lay press as well as those forever chemicals. Again,
we're certainly being.

Speaker 4 (10:25):
Exposed to.

Speaker 5 (10:27):
Unknown entities in our body that I don't think we've
developed a system of evaluating how they affect us over time.
And that's the difficulty and asking the question is these
effects take years and maybe a generation to actually tease out.
But we're certainly seeing a higher risk and it's certainly

(10:48):
something that I think we're doing to ourselves, maybe unintentionally,
but I do think you know, what we consume and
what we take in and how the food is processed
is certainly you know, antibiotics that we're using in the
food food system, or chemicals that we use in the
raising of our animals that we ultimately consume as well,
or fertilizers that we add to the crops certainly play

(11:12):
a role and how it might affect our overall health.

Speaker 3 (11:18):
You being in the healthcare industry quite high up Great Carnivallei,
Chief medical Officer, United Healthcare Commercial line of Business.

Speaker 2 (11:26):
What changes have you made over.

Speaker 3 (11:28):
The years in terms of your diet and exercise to
stay healthy?

Speaker 4 (11:35):
Yeah, I certainly try to.

Speaker 5 (11:36):
You know, it's easier said than done obviously, and you know,
as a physician sometimes we're the worst of the bunch
in terms of you know, very easy to give recommendations
but not following them ourselves. I certainly try to live
a healthy lifestyle. I think sleep is very important. I
think maintaining a healthy diet, especially you can limiting an
alcohol intake, exercising is is critical. I think having a

(12:02):
good support system with family and friends is also key
to living a healthy long life. And you know, avoidance
of of of bad things, you know, smoking nicotine. As
I said, alcohol play a role and and hopefully increasing
our longevity and and and and maintain the highest quality

(12:25):
of life that we can.

Speaker 3 (12:26):
Yet that goes against things that that get young people excited.
Look at the commercials for example for Super Bowl. Look
at what we are told, Oh, this is so delicious,
you got to try this, You got to you got
to try that. And then there's another voice in your
head says, well, but I should be eating healthy.

Speaker 2 (12:46):
So how how are we supposed to break through?

Speaker 5 (12:50):
Yeah, you know, the marketing is really uh you know,
able to to entice uh, you know, those to try. Unfortunately,
whether it's you know, gambling in other words, as you
see on the Super Bowl commercials, I think, you know,
in some respects, it's education. It's understanding that everything in moderation.

(13:10):
To that extent, it's not bad to treat yourself, but
it's probably not appropriate.

Speaker 4 (13:17):
To have something all the time.

Speaker 5 (13:18):
And you know, if you if we're talking about diet
and sweets, and you know, I don't think avoidance and
removal of things all together is sometimes practical, but we
do have to be aware of what we're consuming on
a daily basis.

Speaker 3 (13:36):
Okay, we only have about a minute and a half left.
There was an article in today's Wall Street Journal which
kind of shocked me. It said that health insurers deny
eight hundred and fifty million claims per year, but for
the few who appeal, the result is overwhelmingly positive. So

(13:56):
what do you say to people because there are so
many claims that denied.

Speaker 5 (14:03):
Yeah, yeah, I mean, I think, in general, and I'll
be totally frank, I think the healthcare system we know
is imperfect, complex and and one would argue even broken
in a lot of respects. I think, uh, the entity
of denials versus approvals. Uh, there's a big component of

(14:25):
you know, what information is available and the role that
a health plan payer has in providing that decision making.
Oftentimes we speak UH for the employers that were hired
by UH to provide that coverage or not provide that coverage.
And so I think it's a very nuanced conversation. I'm

(14:48):
not side stepping it. I think you know, UH denials
certainly are are easy to say in the lay press,
and I think you know all avenues of pursuits for
overturning those should be done to justify a decision being
needed to be made, and oftentimes it's the information received.

Speaker 3 (15:09):
Okay, But I was left with the message with the
Wall Street Journal, and it's in my head now the
next time I get in denial, I'm appealing seeing that headline.
That kind of lit a switch for me. But thank
you so much. We covered a lot of territory this morning.
Greg CARNIVALI chief medical Officer of the United Healthcare Commercial

(15:30):
Line of Business.

Speaker 1 (15:32):
You've been listening to Sunsteen sessions on iHeartRadio, a production
of New York's classic rock Q one four point three
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